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Smoking habit, respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults
Urrutia Isabel1, Capelastegui Alberto1, Quintana José María2, Muñiozguren Nerea3, Basagana Xavier4, Sunyer Jordi4 and the Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS–I)
1 Respiratory Service of Galdakao Hospital, IMIM, Barcelona
2 Epidemiology Department of Galdakao Hospital, IMIM, Barcelona
3 Department of Public Health of Bizkaia, IMIM, Barcelona
4 Respiratory and Environmental Health Research Unit, IMIM, Barcelona
Correspondence: Isabel Urrutia, Landa Galdakao Hospital, Pneumology Service B° Labeaga, s/n°. 48960 Galdakao (Bizkaia), SPAIN, tel.+944 007 002, Email: isabelurrutia{at}airtel.net
Background: Smoking is the primary cause of deterioration in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and the development of chronic obstructive lung disease. This study assessed the independent association of smoking with respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults who took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS–I). Methods: Cross-sectional multi-centre survey of a general population of young adults aged 20(44 years in the ECRHS(I conducted in five Spanish centres. Several groups were created in an exclusive and descendent manner from the subjects who completed the questionnaire in accordance with how they had answered the questions: asthma-related symptoms; chronic bronchitis symptoms; minor respiratory symptoms; chronic cough; and no respiratory symptoms. Among a subset of the population, forced spirometry tests were performed. Linear and logistical regression models were used to assess the relationship of smoking in the presence of symptoms and its impact on lung function, adjusted by other important variables. Results: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among smokers. After adjusting for geographical area, total IgE, age, sex, and FEV1, smoking was associated with an increased risk of chronic bronchitis and other respiratory symptoms. These risks increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day. A deterioration of FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio was also directly associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Conclusion: Even among young adults, smoking confers a high risk of developing a number of respiratory symptoms and the deterioration of the ventilatory function.
Keywords: lung function, respiratory symptoms, smoking habit, young adults
Abbreviations: µmol, micromol • ATS, American Thoracic Society • CI, confidence interval • ECRHS, The European Community Respiratory Health Survey • ECSC, European Steel and Coal Commission • FEV1, forced expiratory volume during the first second • FVC, forced vital capacity • HRB, hiperresposiveness bronchial • IgE, immunoglobulin E • IU, international units • IUATLD, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease • ml, millilitre • mm, millimetre • OR, odds ratio
The Spanish Group of the European Study is formed by the General Co-ordinator: José M. Antó. Albacete: Jesús Martínez(Moratalla, Enrique Almar, Xavier Aguilar, Mariano Arévalo, Antonio Mateos, Alberto Sánchez, Anna Teixidó and Manuel Vizcaya. Barcelona: Jordi Sunyer, Felip Burgos, Jordi Castellsagué, M. Bruna Galobardes, Joseph Roca, Joan B. Soriano and Aurelio Tobías. Galdakao: Nerea Muñiozguren, Alberto Capelastegui, Jacinto Ramos and Isabel Urrutia. Huelva: José Antonio Maldonado, José Luis Sánchez, Antonio Pereira and Jesús Grévalos. Oviedo: Félix Payo, Ramón Quirós, Julián Azofre, Luis Palenciano, G. Rego and A. Vega.
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