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The European Journal of Public Health 2006 16(1):78-84; doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki047
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Smoking

Neighbourhood non-employment and daily smoking: a population-based study of women and men in Sweden

Emma Öhlander1, Max Vikström1, Martin Lindström2 and Kristina Sundquist1

1 Karolinska Institutet, Family Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
2 Department of Community Medicine, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

Correspondence: Kristina Sundquist, Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allé 12, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden, tel: +46 8 524 887 08, fax: +46 8 524 887 06, e-mail: kristina.sundquist{at}klinvet.ki.se

Background: To examine whether neighbourhood non-employment is associated with daily smoking after adjustment for individual characteristics, such as employment status. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a simple, random sample of 31,164 women and men aged 25–64, representative of the entire population in Sweden. Data were collected from the years 1993–2000. The individual variables included age, sex, employment status, occupation and housing tenure. Logistic regression was used in the analysis with neighbourhood non-employment rates measured at small area market statistics level. Results: There was a significant association between neighbourhood non-employment rates and daily smoking for both women and men. After adjustment for employment status and housing tenure the odds ratios of daily smoking were 1.39 (95% CI = 1.22–1.58) for women and 1.41 (95% CI = 1.23–1.61) for men living in neighbourhoods with the highest non-employment rates. The individual variables of unemployment, low occupational level and renting were associated with daily smoking. Conclusion: Neighbourhood non-employment is associated with daily smoking. Smoking prevention in primary health care should address both individuals and neighbourhoods.

Keywords: CHD risk factors, neighbourhoods, non-employment, primary care, smoking


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