The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access originally published online on September 1, 2005
The European Journal of Public Health 2006 16(3):315-323; doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki167
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Health-Related Behaviours |
What influences diet in early old age? Prospective and cross-sectional analyses of the Boyd Orr cohort
Maria Maynard1, David Gunnell2, Andrew R. Ness3, Lucy Abraham4, Chris J. Bates5 and David Blane6
1 MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
2 Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
3 Department of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK
4 Outcomes Research, Pfizer Ltd., Sandwich, UK
5 MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
6 Department of Social Science and Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
Correspondence: Maria Maynard, PhD, MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8R2, UK, tel: +44 20 7745 2645, fax: +44 20 7745 2385, e-mail: maria{at}msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
Background: The aim of this study is to identify the socio-economic and health-related factors in childhood and later life associated with healthy eating in early old age. Methods: The study is based on surviving members of the Boyd Orr cohort aged 61–80 years. Data are available on household diet and socio-economic position in childhood and on health and social circumstances in later life. A 12-item Healthy Diet Score (HDS) for each subject was constructed from food frequency questionnaire responses. Complete data on all exposures examined were available for 1234 cohort members. Results: Over 50% of study members had inadequacies in at least half of the 12 markers of diet quality. In multivariable models having a childhood diet which was rich in vegetables was associated with a healthy diet in early old age. The HDS for those in the upper quartile of childhood vegetable intake was 0.30 (95% confidence interval –0.01 to 0.61) higher than those with the lowest intake levels (P-trend across quartiles = 0.04). The adult factors that were most strongly associated with a healthy diet were not smoking, being an owner–occupier, and taking anti-hypertensive medication. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that diet in early old age is influenced by childhood vegetable consumption, current socio-economic position, and smoking. Interventions for improving the diet of older people could usefully focus on both encouragement of healthy diet choices from an early age and higher levels of income or nutritional support for older people.
Keywords: childhood, diet quality, housing tenure, life course, smoking, vegetables