The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access originally published online on March 26, 2008
The European Journal of Public Health 2008 18(4):399-405; doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckn015
Miscellaneous |
Home warmth and health status of COPD patients
Liesl M. Osman1, Jon G. Ayres1, Carole Garden1, Karen Reglitz1, Janice Lyon2 and J. Graham Douglas3
1 Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, UK
2 Aberdeen City Council, St Nicholas House, Broad Street, Aberdeen, UK
3 Chest Clinic, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
Correspondence: Liesl M. Osman, NDM-Strategic, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, tel: 44 1224 558186, fax: 44 1224 551826, e-mail: med078{at}abdn.ac.uk; osman{at}well.ox.ac.uk
Received November 1, 2007 , accepted February 11, 2008
Background: Home Energy Efficiency guidelines recommend domestic indoor temperatures of 21°C for at least 9 h per day in living areas. Is health status of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) associated with maintaining this level of warmth in their homes? Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study of patients, living in their own homes, living room (LR) and bedroom (BR) temperatures were measured at 30 min intervals over 1 week using electronic dataloggers. Health status was measured with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and EuroQol: EQ VAS. Outdoor temperatures were provided by Met Office. Results: One hundred and forty eight patients consented to temperature monitoring. Patients mean age was 69 (SD 8.5) years, 67 (45%) male, mean percentage of predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) 41.7 (SD 17.4). Fifty-eight (39%) were current smokers. Independent of age, lung function, smoking and outdoor temperatures, poorer respiratory health status was significantly associated (P = 0.01) with fewer days with 9 h of warmth at 21°C in the LR. A sub analysis showed that patients who smoked experienced more health effects than non-smokers (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Maintaining the warmth guideline of 21°C in living areas for at least 9 h per day was associated with better health status for COPD patients. Patients who were continuing smokers were more vulnerable to reduction in warmth.
Keywords: health status, indoor environment, monitoring elderly, respiratory disease, symptoms and COPD