The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access published online on May 27, 2009
The European Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp064
Smoking prevalence and tobacco exposure among adolescents in Cyprus
Maria Karekla1,2, Anastasia Symeou2, Haritini Tsangari3, Margarita Kapsou4 and Marios Constantinou1,2
1 Center for Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Stavrou 18, Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus
2 University of Nicosia, Department of Psychology, Nicosia, Cyprus
3 University of Nicosia, Department of Economics & Finance, Nicosia, Cyprus
4 University of Cyprus, Department of Psychology, Nicosia, Cyprus
Correspondence: Maria Karekla, Center for Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Stavrou 18, Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus, tel: +357 99378676, fax: +357 22428029, e-mail: karekla.m{at}unic.ac.cy
Received August 21, 2008 , accepted April 21, 2009
Background: Smoking has been internationally recognized as an epidemic contributing to major health problems. Smoking contributes to most of the preventable deaths worldwide. Although Cyprus is considered among developed countries with high smoking prevalence (estimates of 25–35% of the population), not much has been done for the systematic scientific study of this problem, especially in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate smoking prevalence and related factors among Cypriot adolescents. Methods: Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The final sample included two subpopulations: middle (n = 1085) and high (n = 767) school students. Results: Six percent of middle school students reported being regular smokers. This climbed to 24% among high school students. Smoking prevalence increases with age, and appears higher in boys than in girls. Smoking is quite common in the participant's families, particularly among fathers. Cigarette and smoke exposure in the home was high, as only a fifth of the students reported smoking never being allowed in the home. Exposure to actors smoking on television was the norm (62–67%) with low reported exposure to anti-smoking messages. Having friends who smoke, exposure to others smoking and low educational aspirations were significant predictors of smoking for both groups. Additional predictors, which were different for middle and high school students, were identified. Conclusion: Further research to investigate the nature of these effects is required and to provide further insight into the psychosocial parameters affecting smoking. These results can guide possible prevention and intervention programs for adolescents, and suggest the importance of following a systemic approach.
Keywords: smoking, adolescents, smoking prevalence, tobacco exposure, Cyprus