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The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access published online on May 29, 2009
The European Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp065
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of family violence in adults and children: estimates using the capture–recapture method

Arie Oosterlee1, Remy M. Vink2 and Filip Smit3

1 Municipal Public Health Department GGD Kennemerland, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
2 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands
3 VU Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence: A. Oosterlee, GGD Kennemerland, sector AGZ, PO Box 5514, NL-2000 GM Haarlem, The Netherlands, tel: +31 023 789 1709, fax: +31 023 789 1699, e-mail: aoosterlee{at}ggdkennemerland.nl

Received December 8, 2008 , accepted April 21, 2009

Background: Reliable prevalence estimates of family violence in adults and children are difficult to obtain. Most are based on surveys or registration counts, whose research designs and methods are often questionable, making the results difficult to compare. This article presents an alternative approach. Methods: The capture–recapture method (CRC), which makes it possible to estimate unknown numbers in a partly hidden population, was applied to data from eight collaborating organizations in Haarlem, The Netherlands. Results: Uniform data registration took place over a 7-month period. The 1-year prevalence rate for adult victims of family violence was estimated to be 2.0% of the adult population (95% CI: 1.3–3.1). For victims of child abuse, it was 1.5–2.5%, and for child witnesses of spouse-abuse, it was 1.2–2.1%, though small numbers made these results more uncertain. Only ~20% of all victims in the study were known to one or more of the participating organizations. Our results accorded quite well with results obtained by general health surveys in the Netherlands. Conclusions: CRC appears to be a valid and feasible research method for estimating the prevalence of family violence and child abuse. It can be used to complement other methods, especially in young children, in whom valid results are otherwise difficult to obtain.

Keywords: capture–recapture method, child abuse, family violence, health-care coverage, prevalence


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