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The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access published online on June 17, 2009

The European Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp078
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Short Report

Income inequality and male homicide rates: São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2007

Paulo A. Lotufo and Isabela M. Bensenor

Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Correspondence: Paulo A. Lotufo, Av. Lineu Prestes 2565, 05509-000 São Paulo Brazil, tel: +55-11-3091-9476, fax: +55-11-3091-9241, e-mail: palotufo{at}hu.usp.br

Received March 3, 2009 , accepted May 14, 2009

In Sao Paulo, Brazil, homicides to men aged 15–44 years increased with an annual percentage change (APC) of 4.7% from 1996 to 2001, and then decreased from 2001 to 2007 with an APC of –14.6%. Analyzing the intra-urban distribution according to family income, the increase in the homicide rate was restricted to men living in the poorest neighbourhoods. In contrast, the decline in homicide rates was observed to men living in all districts. The reasons for this ‘up and down’ trend are not clear.


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