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The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access originally published online on February 1, 2008
The European Journal of Public Health 2008 18(3):224-231; doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckm128
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© 2008. The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Work and Health

Risk factors for disability pension in a population-based cohort of men and women on long-term sick leave in Sweden

Nadine E. Karlsson1, John M. Carstensen1, Sturla Gjesdal2,3 and Kristina A. E. Alexanderson3

1 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
2 Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
3 Section of Personal Injury Prevention, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Correspondence: Nadine Karlsson, Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Science, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden. tel: +46 13 222381, fax: +46 13 221865, e-mail: nadine.karlsson{at}ihs.liu.se

Received February 9, 2007 , accepted December 14, 2007

Background: Knowledge on predictors of disability pension is very limited. The aim was to assess the importance of sick-leave diagnosis and socio-demographic variables as risk factors for disability pension among individuals on long-term sickness absence and to compare these factors by gender and over time. Methods: A prospective population-based cohort study in Östergötland County, Sweden, included 19 379 individuals who, in 1985–87, were aged 16–60 years and had a new spell of long-term sickness absence lasting ≥56 days. Follow-up was done in two time frames: 0–5 and 6–10 years after inclusion. The risk of disability pension in relation to sick-leave diagnosis and socio-demographic factors was assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results: In 5 years, after inclusion, 28% of the cohort had been granted disability pension. Those with higher age, low income, previous sick leave, no employment and non-Swedish origin had higher risk of disability pension, while those with young children had lower risk. Considering the inclusion diagnosis, the pattern differed between men and women (P < 0.001). Among men, those with mental disorders had the highest risk and among women those with musculoskeletal disorders. Except for income, the effect of which was reversed over time, the overall pattern of disability pension predictors remained 6–10 years after inclusion but was attenuated. Conclusion: Besides socio-demographic risk factors, the sick-leave diagnoses constitute an important both medium and long-term predictor of disability pension among both men and women on long-term sickness absence.

Keywords: diagnoses, disability pension, risk factors, sick-leave, sickness absence


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