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The European Journal of Public Health Advance Access published online on May 3, 2006
The European Journal of Public Health, doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckl060
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Article

Disentangling gender and age effects on risky single occasion drinking during adolescence

Emmanuel Kuntsche 1 *, Gerhard Gmel 1, Matthias Wicki 2, Jürgen Rehm 3, and Esther Grichting 4

1 Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), Research Department, Lausanne, Switzerland
2 Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
3 Addiction Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland; Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
4 Addiction Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Emmanuel Kuntsche, E-mail: ekuntsche{at}sfa-ispa.ch


  Abstract

Objectives: To determine the association between adolescent risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and gender, age, and the relative age position of students within their class. Method: A cross-sectional national representative sample of 7088 from 8th to 10th graders in Switzerland (mean age 14.6; SD = 0.94) as part of the ESPAD international study was analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Results: Being male, older than the class average and a member of older classes (on average) was associated with a higher RSOD frequency. Additionally, interactions between student and class level were found. The higher the mean class age the greater the difference in RSOD between boys and girls, and the lower the impact on RSOD of the relative age position in a class. Conclusions: In early and mid-adolescence, prevention efforts should try to impede the modelling of alcohol use of older classmates, whereas in late adolescence gender-specific motives for RSOD should be taken into account.

Keywords: adolescents; old-for-grade; Switzerland; multilevel; group mean centring.
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